Interannual and genotypic variation of morpho-pomological and physico-biochemical traits of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) genotypes grown under natural moroccan conditions

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Research Articles | Published:

E-ISSN: 2229-4473.
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DOI: 10.1007/s42535-025-01620-4
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Keywords: n Arbutus unedo L., Genotypic variation, Interannual variability, Morpho-biochemical traits


Abstract

Biotic and abiotic environmental stressors are key factors influencing plant growth, development, and productivity. Among them, abiotic factors, particularly climatic conditions can significantly affect the morphological and chemical composition of plants. The strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) is a Mediterranean species of significant ecological and nutritional interest. Despite its potential value, limited information is available on the influence of genotype and year on its fruit and leaf characteristics. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of year, genotype, and their interaction on the morpho-pomological and physico-biochemical traits of twelve moroccan strawberry tree genotypes over three consecutive years (2019–2021). Significant differences among genotypes were observed for all the studied traits, except lipid content. The genotype BNO exhibited the highest fruit dimensions, fruit weight, and maturity index, while genotype CHF showed superior leaf traits. Regarding physico-biochemical parameters, the genotype MDZ displayed the highest levels of fiber, total phenols, hydrolyzable tannins, and anthocyanins, as well as the greatest antioxidant potential. The year effect was also significant for most parameters, indicating considerable interannual variation in fruit, leaf, and flower characteristics. However, the fruit shape index and flavonoid content remained relatively stable over the three years, suggesting their potential as reliable selection criteria. Furthermore, the interaction between genotype and year significantly influenced all traits, with the exception of the fruit shape index. Overall, most morpho-pomological and physico-biochemical parameters showed their highest values in 2019, likely due to favorable climatic conditions. The observed differences among genotypes and years highlight the influence of environmental factors on the expression of these traits. The identification of stable and high-performing genotypes provides valuable insight for breeding and conservation programs aimed at enhancing the agronomic and nutritional value of A. unedo in Morocco.



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Author Information

Laboratory of Industrial Engineering and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco