Indole acetic acid (IAA) producing endophytic bacteria on direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of Exacum travancoricum Bedd.

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Research Articles | Published:

Print ISSN : 0970-4078.
Online ISSN : 2229-4473.
Website:www.vegetosindia.org
Pub Email: contact@vegetosindia.org
Doi: 10.1007/s42535-020-00159-w
First Page: 690
Last Page: 702
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Keywords: Indole acetic acid, Endophytic bacteria, 16s rRNA gene sequence, Protoderm, Somatic embryos, Withania somnifera , Exacum travancoricum


Abstract


Endophytic bacteria were isolated from Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal and their potentials were explored through the in vitro plant regeneration techniques. Initially, indole acetic acid (IAA), phosphate solubilization and siderophore producing isolates were screened out. These isolates were identified using molecular tools like 16s rRNA gene sequences namely Bacillus pumilus AS02, Sphingobacterium thalpophilum AS34, Pseudomonas aeruginosa AS36, Agrobacterium tumefaciens AS38 and Enterobacter aerogenes AS75. Further, the regeneration efficacy of IAA producing endophytic bacteria has been analysed on an endangered plant—Exacum travancoricum Bedd. The leaf and inter-node explants of E. travancoricum with or without bacterial infection were tested on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium encompassing 6-benzyladenine (BA; 2.0 mg L− 1) and l-tryptophan (0.2%; w/v). Somatic embryo induction was observed on both explants. The leaf explants infected with S. thalpophilum AS34, P. aeruginosa AS36 and E. aerogenes AS75 exhibited highest percentage of somatic embryo induction (93.3%) compared with the inter-node explants (86.6%). The explants without bacterial infection (control) and the presence of exogenous IAA exhibited lower level of response (88.8%, leaf and 75.5%, inter-node). Histological analysis revealed the appearance of globular embryogenic masses on epidermal, sub-epidermal regions of both explants. The development of torpedo, cotyledon stage and protoderm formation without the vascular connection from explants confirmed direct somatic embryogenesis. This was confirmed with scanning electron microscopy. Sub-culturing of cotyledon somatic embryos in MS liquid medium without growth regulators was performed to obtain well developed shoots with roots.


Indole acetic acid, Endophytic bacteria, 16s rRNA gene sequence, Protoderm, Somatic embryos, 
                Withania somnifera
              , 
                Exacum travancoricum


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Acknowledgements


The authors thank University Grants Commission, New Delhi, for its support through the “College with Potential for Excellence” program.


Author Information


Soundar Raju Chellappan
Department of Botany, Vivekananda College, Madurai, India
csoundarpgr@gmail.com
Aslam Abubakker
Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, India


Thangadurai Devarajan
Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India


Sangeetha Jeyabalan
Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Science Systems, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India


Kathiravan Krishnan
Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Chennai, India

Shajahan Appakan
Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, India
shajahan.jmc@gmail.com