Ethnomedicinal survey and in-vitro antibacterial screening of medicinal plants used in treatment of wounds in Ijesha land, South-Western Nigeria

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DOI: 10.1007/s42535-025-01298-8
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Keywords: Antibacterial activities, Bacterial infections in wounds, Ethnomedicinal survey, Ijesha land, Medicinal plants


Abstract

This paper documented medicinal plants used by Traditional Medical Practitioners in Ijesha land for the treatment of wounds and evaluated their antibacterial activities. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather information about medicinal plants used in the treatment of wound infections by Traditional Medical Practitioners among the Ijesha ethnic group of the Yoruba tribe. The medicinal plants encountered were analysed using ethnomedicinal indices. Hydroethanolic extract of 22 selected plants was prepared by maceration at room temperature with 80% EtOH: H2O for 48 h, evaporated under reduced pressure and lyophilized. The antibacterial activities of the plant extracts against standard microorganisms were carried out using agar well diffusion and dilution methods. Eighty-four medicinal plants were identified. The extracts exhibited good antibacterial activity against one or more of the tested organisms. S. aureus was susceptible to 18 plant extracts, The MIC values ranged from 0.47 to 3.75 mg/mL, while leaf extracts of Bidens pilosa, Phragmanthera capitata, and Dalbergiella welwitschii were not active against S. aureus. Artocarpus altilis stem bark extract showed good antibacterial activity against gram-negative organisms with a mean zone of inhibition of 19.7 ± 0.37, 14.0 ± 1.52, 15.7 ± 0.85, 13.3 ± 1.20, 12.7 ± 0.35 mm against K. pneumoniae, E. coli, P. vulgaris, S. marcenscens and P. aeruginosa .respectively. Proteus vulgaris was resistant to 11 of the plant extracts tested, followed by P. aeruginosa (10) as against E. coli (4). Leaf extracts of Croton zambesicus, Dalbergiella welwitschii, S. alata, and A. altilis stem bark showed pronounced activity against M. luteus with a mean zone of inhibition of 14.7 ± 4.63, 17.7 ± 0.69, 16.0 ± 0.00, 15.0 ± 0.00 mm and MIC values of 1.88, 0.47, 0.47, 0.47 mg/mL respectively. These findings justify the use of medicinal plants in ethnomedicine for the treatment of wounds infections among the Ijesha people of Southwestern Nigeria.

Antibacterial activities, Bacterial infections in wounds, Ethnomedicinal survey, Ijesha land, Medicinal plants


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Author Information

Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria