Vegetos
(An International Journal of Plant Research & Biotechnology)
Algal biorefinery: an integrated process for industrial effluent treatment and improved lipid production in bioenergy application
Research Articles | Published: 28 January, 2023
Online ISSN : 2229-4473.
Website:www.vegetosindia.org
Pub Email: contact@vegetosindia.org
First Page: 259
Last Page: 267
Views: 1118
Keywords:
Microalgae, RSM, Industrial effluent, Nutrient removal, Lipid, Biodiesel
Abstract
Water is the pivotal resource on earth but with the continuous rise in anthropogenic activities has led to biological and chemical waste in water streams thereby contaminating the environment. Microalgae grown in the wide spectrum of wastewater could eliminate contaminants from industries and urban areas, but the research is in primary stage. The current study reflected the capability of isolated microalgae-associated industrial effluent treatment and lipid improvement for the application in biodiesel simultaneously. The microalga Coelastrella sp. KJ04 was cultivated on the industrial effluent released during the Senegalia catechu (Kattha) manufacturing. Response surface methodology-central composite design (RSM-CCD), a linear model tool was utilized in this study to optimize the concentration of the effluent (0–1000) mL L−1 with varying pH. Maximum biomass and lipid production of 0.3440 g L−1 and 4481 RFU respectively were observed at 853.40 mL L−1 effluent concentration and 7.70 pH. In contrast, the biomass and lipid production of 0.3240 g L−1 and 1477 RFU respectively were observed while using the BG-11 media as a control. A significant decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), total phosphorus (TP), sulphur (S), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) was observed and a nutrient removal efficiency of 55.83, 32.62, 37.50, 28.95, 31.66, 9.32, and 16.47% respectively was calculated in the industrial effluent. Hence, it is reported for the very first time that Coelastrella sp. KJ04 has an exorbitant competence for the consumption of inorganic and organic nutrients from kattha effluent, as an efficient treatment process. Additionally, the kattha effluent can serve as an economical replacement for expensive media in microalgae cultivation. Therefore, this study proposes a comprehensive strategy to cultivate the microalgae for wastewater treatment along with lipid production, which can be processed for biodiesel application.
Graphical abstract
(*Only SPR Members can get full access. Click Here to Apply and get access)
References
Ambat I, Bec S, Peltomaa E, Srivastava V, Ojala A, Sillanpää M (2019) A synergic approach for nutrient recovery and biodiesel production by the cultivation of microalga species in the fertilizer plant wastewater. Sci Rep 9(1):1–9
An M, Gao L, Zhao W, Chen W, Li M (2020) Effects of nitrogen forms and supply mode on lipid production of microalga Scenedesmus obliquus. Energies 13:697
Bhatia SK, Mehariya S, Bhatia RK, Kumar M, Pugazhendhi A, Awasthi MK, Atabani AE, Kumar G, Kim W, Seo SO, Yang YH (2021) Wastewater based microalgal biorefinery for bioenergy production: progress and challenges. Sci Total Environ 751:141599
Doppler P, Kriechbaum R, Käfer M, Kopp J, Remias D, Spadiut O (2022) Coelastrella terrestris for adonixanthin production: physiological characterization and evaluation of secondary carotenoid productivity. Mar Drugs 20(3):175
Emparan Q, Jye YS, Danquah MK, Harun R (2020) Cultivation of Nannochloropsis sp. microalgae in palm oil mill effluent (POME) media for phycoremediation and biomass production: effect of microalgae cells with and without beads. J Water Process Eng 33:101043
Fan H, Wang K, Wang C, Yu F, He X, Ma J, Li X (2020) A comparative study on growth characters and nutrients removal from wastewater by two microalgae under optimized light regimes. Environ Technol Innov 19:100849
Farooq W, Lee YC, Ryu BG, Kim BH, Kim HS, Choi YE, Yang JW (2013) Two-stage cultivation of two Chlorella sp. strains by simultaneous treatment of brewery wastewater and maximizing lipid productivity. Bioresour Technol 132:230–238
Fawzy MA, Alharthi S (2021) Use of Response Surface Methodology in optimization of biomass, lipid productivity and fatty acid profiles of marine microalga Dunaliella parva for biodiesel production. Environ Technol Innov 22:101485
Gao F, TelesI F-L, Wijffels RH, Barbosa MJ (2020) Production and high throughput quantification of fucoxanthin and lipids in Tisochrysislutea using single-cell fluorescence. Bioresour Technol 318:124104
Gupta K, Bardhan P, Rather MA, Saikia D, Loying S, Mandal M, Kataki R (2022) Microbes in resource and nutrient recovery via wastewater treatment. In: Industrial microbiology and biotechnology. Springer, Singapore, pp 643–665
Goecke F, Noda J, Paliocha M, Gislerød HR (2020) Revision of Coelastrella (Scenedesmaceae, Chlorophyta) and first register of this green coccoid microalga for continental Norway. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 36(10):1–17
Goswami RK, Agrawal K, Mehariya S, Molino A, Musmarra D, Verma P (2020) Microalgae-based biorefinery for utilization of carbon dioxide for production of valuable bioproducts. In: Chemo-biological systems for CO2 utilization, CRC Press, pp. 203–228
Guleri S, Singh K, Kaushik R, Dhankar R, Tiwari A (2020) Phycoremediation: a novel and synergistic approach in wastewater remediation. J Microbial Biotechnol Food Sci 10(1):98–106
Halim R, Webley PA (2015) Nile red staining for oil determination in microalgal cells: a new insight through statistical modelling. Int J Chem Eng 2015:1
Hongyang S, Yalei Z, Chunmin Z, Xuefei Z, Jinpeng L (2011) Cultivation of Chlorellapyrenoidosa in soybean processing wastewater. Bioresour Technol 102(21):9884–9890
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (2011) Technology Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship Information Service. Available at: https://www.techno-preneur.net/technology/project-profiles/other/kattha.html (accessed Dec 2011)
Khalid AAH, Yaakob Z, Abdullah SRS, Takriff MS (2019) Analysis of the elemental composition and uptake mechanism of Chlorella sorokiniana for nutrient removal in agricultural wastewater under optimized response surface methodology (RSM) conditions. J Clean Prod 210:673–686
Khanra A, Vasistha S, Kumar S, Rai MP (2021) Cultivation of microalgae on unhydrolysed waste molasses syrup using mass cultivation strategy for improved biodiesel. 3 Biotech 11(6):1–14
Lee SA, Ko SR, Lee N, Lee JW, Van Le V, Oh HM, Ahn CY (2021) Two-step microalgal (Coelastrella sp.) treatment of raw piggery wastewater resulting in higher lipid and triacylglycerol levels for possible production of higher-quality biodiesel. Bioresour Technol 332:125081
Libutti A, Gatta G, Gagliardi A, Vergine P, Pollice A, Beneduce L, Disciglio G, Tarantino E (2018) Agro-industrial wastewater reuse for irrigation of a vegetable crop succession under Mediterranean conditions. Agric Water Manag 196:1–14
Luo L, He H, Yang C, Wen S, Zeng G, Wu M, Zhou Z, Lou W (2016) Nutrient removal and lipid production by Coelastrella sp. in anaerobically and aerobically treated swine wastewater. Bioresour Technol 216:135–141
Mehariya S, Goswami RK, Verma P, Lavecchia R, Zuorro A (2021) Integrated approach for wastewater treatment and biofuel production in microalgae biorefineries. Energies 14(8):2282
Nigam S, Rai MP, Sharma R (2011) Effect of nitrogen on growth and lipid content of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Am J Biochem Biotechnol 7(3):124–129
Qiu R, Gao S, Lopez PA, Ogden KL (2017) Effects of pH on cell growth, lipid production and CO2 addition of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana. Algal Res 28:192–199
Rai MP, Gupta S (2017) Effect of media composition and light supply on biomass, lipid content and FAME profile for quality biofuel production from Scenedesmus abundans. Energy Convers Manag 141:85–92
Rossi S, Casagli F, Mantovani M, Mezzanotte V, Ficara E (2020) Selection of photosynthesis and respiration models to assess the effect of environmental conditions on mixed microalgae consortia grown on wastewater. Bioresour Technol 305:122995
Sarmah P, Das S, Sharma H, Rout J (2019) Microalgal biomass generation by phycoremediation of sewage water: an integrated approach for production of antioxidant and value-added products. Vegetos 32(4):556–563
Singh K, Kumar P, Singh NV (2020) Natural dyes: an emerging ecofriendly solution for textile industries. Poll Res 39(2):S87–S94
Sharma R, Mishra A, Pant D, Malaviya P (2022) Recent advances in microalgae-based remediation of industrial and non-industrial wastewaters with simultaneous recovery of value-added products. Bioresour Technol 344:126129
Vasistha S, Khanra A, Rai MP (2021) Influence of microalgae-ZnO nanoparticle association on sewage wastewater towards efficient nutrient removal and improved biodiesel application: an integrated approach. J Water Process Eng 39:101711
Vasistha S, Balakrishnan D, Manivannan A, Rai MP (2023) Microalgae on distillery wastewater treatment for improved biodiesel production and cellulose nanofiber synthesis: a sustainable biorefinery approach. Chemosphere 315:137666
Velusamy S, Roy A, Sundaram S, Kumar Mallick T (2021) A review on heavy metal ions and containing dyes removal through graphene oxide-based adsorption strategies for textile wastewater treatment. Chem Rec 21(7):1570–1610
Wang JH, Zhang TY, Dao GH, Xu XQ, Wang XX, Hu HY (2017) Microalgae-based advanced municipal wastewater treatment for reuse in water bodies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 101(7):2659–2675
Acknowledgements
MPR expresses her gratitude to Mission Innovation India Unit, Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India for the financial support (File no. BT/PR31218/PBD/26/771/2019).
Author Information