Spirulina-based biostimulant alleviates lead-induced stress in wheat, improves grain yield and nutrient content

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DOI: 10.1007/s42535-025-01550-1
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Keywords: Antioxidant compounds, Lead, n Spirulina platensis biostimulants, Yield-contributing traits, n Triticum aestivum L.


Abstract


Lead (Pb) is a naturally occurring pollutant that is particularly detrimental to plant yield and poses health risks to both humans and animals. A pot trial was carried out to investigate the effects of Spirulina platensis algal extract (SE) with concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg L−1 soil addition on lead (Pb)-stressed wheat yield, its parameters, and the nutritional value of the yielded grains. Treatments of lead acetate significantly decreased yield criteria. The grains weight /plant and 1000 grains weight decreased from 1.409 g and 28.92 g of control plants to 1.045 g and 16.45 g under 1000 mg/kg Pb, to 0.883 g and 12.08 g under 2000 mg kg−1 Pb., some macro (nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus) and micro- element contents (ferric, manganese, selenium and zinc), and nutrient contents (carbohydrates%, starch%, protein% and gluten %) of the yielded grains. whereas the levels of Pb and antioxidants (phenol, flavonoids, B-carotene, and lycopene) gradually and significantly increased. Spirulina platensis algal extract (SE) soil addition with various levels alleviated partially the reduced effect of lead stress by increasing yield and its parameters, the studied nutrient contents, macro and microelement contents, with more significant increments of different antioxidant compounds, while decreased lead contents. The most advantageous effect was observed at 1000 mg L−1 SE extract, it improved different studied yield parameters (as it increased grains yield /plant by 21.0% and 7.6% and 1000 grains weight by 30.7% and 14.7% under 1000 and 2000 mg/kg Pb, respectively), nutritional value, and antioxidant compounds under different Pb levels. So, it may be concluded that, applying SE to wheat plants has the potential to mitigate the documented negative consequences of Pb on yield parameters, and nutritional value as well as antioxidant compounds, in addition to some macro and micro elements.

Antioxidant compounds, Lead, n                     Spirulina platensis biostimulants, Yield-contributing traits, n                     Triticum aestivum L.


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