In vitro culture of date palm: a review of challenges and solutions for managing endophytic bacteria contamination

*Article not assigned to an issue yet


Review Articles | Published:

E-ISSN: 2229-4473.
Website: www.vegetosindia.org
Pub Email: contact@vegetosindia.org
DOI: 10.1007/s42535-025-01287-x
First Page: 0
Last Page: 0
Views: 1444

Keywords: n Phoenix dactylifera L., Micropropagation, Endophytic bacteria, Sporulation, Control strategies


Abstract


Organogenesis is a reliable method for the commercial micropropagation of date palm cultivars, contributing to the preservation of the date palm heritage in oasis regions. However, the persistence of endophytic bacterial contamination (EBC), often exacerbated by mechanisms such as sporulation, limits the efficiency of this promising technique. This comprehensive review examines the current state of knowledge on endophytic bacteria in in vitro date palm cultivation. It analyzes the factors promoting contamination, addresses the challenges posed by the sporulation mechanism, outlines methods for detecting and identifying bacterial contaminants, and highlights current control strategies. Furthermore, we emphasize the critical importance of adhering to good laboratory practices and the urgent need for further research to better understand the mechanisms of bacterial contamination. By exploring the complexities of date palm micropropagation, this study reveals the underlying challenges of bacterial contamination and underscores the resolution of these issues as essential for the sustainability of the date palm industry.

n                     Phoenix dactylifera L., Micropropagation, Endophytic bacteria, Sporulation, Control strategies


References


Abahmane L (2011) Date palm micropropagation via organogenesis. Date Palm Biotechnol 69–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1318-5_5


Abass M (2013) Microbial contaminants of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Iraqi tissue culture laboratories. Emirates J Food Agric 25(11):875. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v25i11.15351


Abd Elaziem TM, Ahmed ME-sAE-n, Abou El-Dis GR (2022) In vitro propagation for conservation of the rare date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)‘Amri’using immature inflorescence. Vitro Cell Dev Biology-Plant 58(6):1048–1056. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-022-10296-3


Abdel-Karim AH (2017) Identifying and controlling contamination of date palm tissue cultures. Date palm biotechnology protocols I. Tissue Cult Appl 165–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7156-5_14


Abdellatif YM, Elsayed MS, Hassan MM, Ahmed IA, Ragab AH, Shams El-Din IM, Abdelaal WB, El-Aal MSA, El Zein AF (2022) Zinc oxide nanoparticles and Fe-modified activated carbon affecting the in vitro growth of date palm plantlets Cv. Medjool Horticulturae 8(12):1179. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8121179


Abdulrazzaq A, Khierallah H, Al-Rubaye S, Bader S, Isolation and molecular detection of arthrobacter species grown on the surface of date palm tissue culture media (2019) Iraqi J Agricultural Sci 50(4):1425–1431


Abogarra L, Eisa N, EL-habbaa G, Darwesh R, EL-habbak M (2022) Superiority of Nano-Silver nitrate and Nano-Chitosan in controlling bacterial contamination and promoting growth of in vitro date palm cultures. Plant Cell Biotechnol Mol Biol 23:85–104. https://doi.org/10.56557/PCBMB/2022/v23i33-347845


Ahmed A, Bano N, Tayyab M (2016) Phytochemical and therapeutic evaluation of date (Phoenix dactylifera). A review. J Pharm Altern Med 9:11–17


Al-Dosary NH, AL-Mosaui MA, Al-Taha HA (2011) Isolation and identification of bacterial types that causes contamination of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L callus and studding inhibitory activates of some plant extracts and antibiotic. Basrah J Date Palm Res 10 (1)


Al-Nadabi H, Al-Buraiki N, Al-Nabhani A, Maharachchikumbura S, Velazhahan R, Al-Sadi A (2021) In vitro antifungal activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from date palm (Phoenix doctylifera L.) against fungal pathogens causing leaf spot of date palm. Egypt J Biol Pest Control 31:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-021-00413-6


Alfarraj NS, Tarroum M, Al-Qurainy F, Nadeem M, Khan S, Salih AM, Shaikhaldein HO, Al-Hashimi A, Alansi S, Perveen K (2023) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and exploring their potential of reducing the contamination of the in vitro culture media and inducing the callus growth of Rumex nervosus explants. Molecules 28(9):3666. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093666


Ali M, Boonerjee S, Islam MN, Saha ML, Hoque MI, Sarker RH (2018) Endogenous bacterial contamination of plant tissue culture materials: identification and control strategy. Plant Tissue Cult Biotechnol 28(1):99–108


Anjarne M, Abahmane L, Bougerfaoui M (2005) Les techniques de micropropagation du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Expérience de l’INRA–Maroc. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on sustainable development of oases systems, INRA-Morocco, pp 86–93


Atrih A, Foster SJ (1999) The role of peptidoglycan structure and structural dynamics during endospore dormancy and germination. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 75:299–307. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1001800507443


Al-Mussawii AY M (2010) The source of bacterial contamination in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) grown invitro. Basrah J Date Palm Res 9(2):132–146


Baliga MS, Baliga BRV, Kandathil SM, Bhat HP, Vayalil PK (2011) A review of the chemistry and Pharmacology of the date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L). Food Res Int 44(7):1812–1822


Belincanta C, Botelho G, Ornellas TS, Zappelini J, Guerra MP (2021) Characterization of the endophytic bacteria from in vitro cultures of Dendrocalamus asper and Bambusa oldhamii and assessment of their potential effects in in vitro co-cultivated plants of Guadua chacoensis (Bambusoideae, Poaceae). In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-021-10204-1


Benjama A, Charkaoui B (1997) Control of Bacillus contaminating date palm tissue in micropropagation using antibiotics. Pathogen and microbial contamination management in micropropagation. Springer, pp 207–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8951-2_25


Benjama A, Cherkaoui B, Al-Maii S (2001) Origin and detection of Bacillus contaminating date palm vitro-culture and importance of manipulations conditions. Al Awamia 104:74–83


Boulahouat S, Cherif-Silini H, Silini A, Chenari Bouket A, Luptakova L, Saadaoui N, Alenezi FN, Belbahri L (2022) Critical evaluation of biocontrol ability of Bayoud infected date palm phyllospheric Bacillus spp. Suggests that in vitro selection does not guarantee success in planta. Agronomy 12(10):2403. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102403


Bożena S-T, Anita J, Piotr P, Paulina S, Paweł K, Justyna M, Bożena P (2020) Identification and control of endophytic bacteria during in vitro cultures of Staphylea pinnata L. https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0005


Burgal AAA, Eman; Alkanany KM, Al-Tamimi W, Hussein (2021) Biological control of microbial contamination associated with plant tissue culture of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). Pollution Res 40(4):1481–1488


Cantabella D, Dolcet-Sanjuan R, Teixidó N (2022) Using plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) to improve plant development under in vitro culture conditions. Planta 255(6):117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03897-0


Cheong EJ, Na M, Jeong U (2020) The effect of endophytic bacteria on in vitro shoot growth of Prunus yedoensis and its identification and elimination. Vitro Cell Dev Biology-Plant 56(2):200–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-019-10018-2


CK AS, Chattopadhyay I (2023) Endophytic bacteria for drug discovery and bioremediation of heavy metals. Endophytic association: what, why and how. Elsevier, pp 159–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91245-7.00015-8


de Araújo Silva-Cardoso IM, Medeiros MO, Gomes ACMM, de Souza ALX, Scherwinski-Pereira JE (2024) Use of Electron microscopy for the detection of contaminant endophytic Bacteria in vitro. Plant cell culture protocols. Springer, pp 71–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3954-2_5


Diallo M, Kengen SW, López-Contreras AM (2021) Sporulation in solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 105(9):3533–3557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11289-9


Dunaeva S, Osledkin YS (2015) Bacterial microorganisms associated with the plant tissue culture: identification and possible role. Сельскохозяйственная Биология 1 eng:3–15. https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2015.1.3eng


El-Dawayati Maiada M, Zayed Zeinab E, Farrag Hala M (2020) The impact of using thezingiber officinale extract in controlling the endogenous bacterial contamination of date palm during tissue cultures. Int J Environ Agric Biotechnol 5:1038–1047. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.54.24


El-Sharabasy S, Ghazzawy H, Munir M (2017) In vitro application of silver nanoparticles as explant disinfectant for date palm cultivar Barhee. J Appl Hortic 19(2):106–112. https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2017.v19i02.19


Erjaee Z, Shekarforoush SS, Hosseinzadeh S (2019) Identification of endophytic bacteria in medicinal plants and their antifungal activities against food spoilage fungi. J Food Sci Technol 56:5262–5270


Fang J-Y, Hsu Y-R (2012) Molecular identification and antibiotic control of endophytic bacterial contaminants from micropropagated Aglaonema cultures. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult (PCTOC) 110:53–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-012-0129-6


Gharib A, El-Hamid M, El-Aziz N, Yonan E, Allam M (2020) Bacillus cereus: pathogenicity, viability and adaptation. Adv Anim Vet Sci 8(s1):34–40. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.aavs/2020/8.s1.34.40


Ghosh S, Chakraborty B, Ghosh S, Dey S, Biswas C, Chowdhury R, Chattopadhyay K, Sengupta J (2017) Electron microscopy reveals unique spore-like nano forms of Bacillus cereus. BioRxiv 228833. https://doi.org/10.1101/228833


Hadian S, Smith DL, Kopriva S, Norkevičienė E, Supronienė S (2024) Exploring endophytic Bacteria from Artemisia spp. And beneficial traits on pea plants. Plants 13(12):1684. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13121684


Hadrami IE, Hadrami AE (2009) Breeding date palm. Breeding plantation tree crops: tropical species. Springer, pp 191–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71201-7_6


Hallmann J, Quadt-Hallmann A, Mahaffee W, Kloepper J (1997) Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops. Can J Microbiol 43(10):895–914. https://doi.org/10.1139/m97-131


Hamiot A, Lemy C, Krzewinski F, Faille C, Dubois T (2023) Sporulation conditions influence the surface and adhesion properties of Bacillus subtilis spores. Front Microbiol 14:1219581. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1219581


Hussain MI, Farooq M, Syed QA (2020) Nutritional and biological characteristics of the date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.)–A review. Food Bioscience 34:100509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100509


Ibrahim E-M (2022) Date palm plantations: A future sustainable support to forests. Int J Family Stud Food Sci Nutr Health 3(2):153–164


Khan T, Abbasi BH, Iqrar I, Khan MA, Shinwari ZK (2018) Molecular identification and control of endophytic contamination during in vitro plantlet development of Fagonia indica. Acta Physiol Plant 40:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-018-2727-3


Kulkarni AA, Kelkar S, Watve M, Krishnamurthy K (2007) Characterization and control of endophytic bacterial contaminants in in vitro cultures of Piper spp., Taxus baccata subsp. Wallichiana, and Withania somnifera. Can J Microbiol 53(1):63–74. https://doi.org/10.1139/w06-106


Leary JV, Nelson N, Tisserat B, Allingham EA (1986) Isolation of pathogenic Bacillus circulans from callus cultures and healthy offshoots of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L). Appl Environ Microbiol 52(5):1173–1176. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.52.5.1173-1176.1986


Lematin.ma (2024) Palmier Dattier: La durabilité et La résilience de La Filière, grand enjeu du SIDATTES 2024. https://lematin.ma/economie/la-durabilite-et-la-resilience-de-la-filiere-grand-enjeu-du-sidattes-2024/249655. Accessed 2 Dec 2024


Loutfi K, El-Hadrami I (2005) Phoenix dactylifera date palm. In: biotechnology of fruit and nut crops. CAB Int Wallingford UK 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851996622.0144


Lumactud R, Fulthorpe RR (2018) Endophytic bacterial community structure and function of herbaceous plants from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated and non-contaminated sites. Front Microbiol 9:1926. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01926


Mahomoodally MF, Khadaroo SK, Hosenally M, Zengin G, Rebezov M, Ali Shariati M, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Algarni AS, Simal-Gandara J (2024) Nutritional, medicinal and functional properties of different parts of the date palm and its fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.)–A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 64(22):7748–7803. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2023.2191285


Mapelli F, Mengoni A, Riva V, Borin S (2023) Bacterial culturing is crucial to boost sustainable agriculture. Trends Microbiol 31(1):1–4


Mazri M, Meziani R, El Kharrassi Y, Anjarne M, El Mzouri E, Nasser B, Alfeddy M, Bouchiha F (2021a) Effects of the methanolic extracts of six cactus Pear species (Opuntia spp.) on tissue Browning and endophytic bacteria of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L). Afr Mediterranean Agricultural J Al Awamia (130)


Mazri MA, Meziani R, El Bakouri Z (2021b) Cost analysis of date palm (cv. Mejhoul) plantlets produced by organogenesis in Morocco. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult (PCTOC) 146:409–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-021-02066-7


Meziani R, Alem C, Dihazi A, Rabach B, Chitt MA, Jaiti F (2017) Effect of cultural practices on the growth of date palm vitroplants planted in errachidia (South East of Morocco). J Life Sci 11:279–285. https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7391/2017.06.003


Meziani R, Mazri MA, Essarioui A, Alem C, Diria G, Gaboun F, El Idrissy H, Laaguidi M, Jaiti F (2019) Towards a new approach of controlling endophytic bacteria associated with date palm explants using essential oils, aqueous and methanolic extracts from medicinal and aromatic plants. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult (PCTOC) 137:285–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-019-01570-1


Minipara D, Dhaduk H, Patil G, Narayanan S, Kumar S (2019) Identification of best surface sterilization treatment and control of endophytic bacterial contamination in Annona squamosa L. Int J Plant Soil Sci 29(6):1–10


Mishra BN, Kaushik MS, Abraham G, Singh PK (2018) Physico-chemical factors influencing spore germination in Cyanobacterium Fischerella muscicola. J Basic Microbiol 58(8):679–685. https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.201800161


Naushad M, Lichtfouse E (2019) Sustainable agriculture. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11345-2


Quambusch M, Winkelmann T (2018) Bacterial endophytes in plant tissue culture: mode of action, detection, and control. Plant Cell Cult Protocols 69–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8594-4_4


Samarina L, Malyarovskaya V, Rogozhina E, Malyukova L (2017) Endophytes, as promotors of in vitro plant growth. Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya 52(5):917–927. https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2017.5.917eng


Sedra MH (2015) Date palm status and perspective in Morocco. Date Palm Genetic Resources and Utilization: Volume 1: Africa and the Americas 257–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9694-1_8


Skinder BM, Nabi M, Gojree BAS, Dar GH, Ganai BA (2022) Endophytic microbes: bioremediation of soil contaminants. Microbial consortium and biotransformation for pollution decontamination. Elsevier, pp 243–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91893-0.00002-X


Soomro AH, Marri A, Shaikh N (2023) Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera): A review of economic potential, industrial valorization, nutritional and health significance. Neglected Plant Foods Of South Asia: Exploring and valorizing nature to feed hunger 319–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37077-9_13


Srivastava V, Nerwal D, Kandan A, Akhtar J, Sharma N, Kiran R, Bansal S, Agrawal A (2021) Management of microbial contaminants in the in vitro gene bank: a case study of Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott]. Vitro Cell Dev Biology-Plant 57:152–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-020-10125-5


Sun Y, Li M, Wang S (2017) Bacterial spore germination. Virol Immunol J 1(3)


Tekielska D, Peňázová E, Kovács T, Křižan B, Čechová J, Eichmeier A (2019) Bacterial contamination of plant in vitro cultures in commercial production detected by high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67(4):1005–1014. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967041005


Trick I, Lingens F (1985) Aerobic spore-forming bacteria as detrimental infectants in plant tissue cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 21:245–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00295130


Volk GM, Bonnart R, de Oliveira ACA, Henk AD (2022) Minimizing the deleterious effects of endophytes in plant shoot tip cryopreservation. Appl Plant Sci 10(5):e11489. https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11489


Wu WJ, Liu SL, Yung PT (2017) Effect of static magnetic field on endospore germination. Bioelectromagnetics 38(2):121–127. https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.22017




 


Author Information


Bioresources, Environment and Health Team, NRHE-UMI Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco