Wild sesame (Sesamum prostratum Retz.) as potent source of salt tolerance through better physiological and biochemical adaptation than cultivated sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

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Doi: 10.1007/s42535-023-00696-0
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Keywords: n Sesamum prostratumn , Potassium sodium ratio, Antioxidants capacity, Biplot


Abstract


Wild sesame species, being able to withstand high salinity conditions, can be a vital source of introgression of traits integral to salinity tolerance in cultivated sesame. An experiment comprising a wild sesame (Sesamum prostratum Retz.) genotype KP-PR-20/17 and a cultivated sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotype Purva-1 was envisaged to identify the component traits having differential responses during salinity stress imposed through irrigation water of 0, 4, 8 and 12 dSm−1. There was a significant (p < 0.001) decline in root and shoot biomass, leaf number, and chlorophyll content, with elevated Na+ accumulation in the cytosol. At a salinity level of 12 dSm−1, the shoot and root biomass decreased by 24.82% and 22.82% respectively in Purva-1 while in KP/PR-20–17 it decreased only by 11.68% and 10.20% respectively. Membrane damage, electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation were significantly (p < 0.001) lower in wild species than cultivated species. The PCA biplot indicated wild sesame having better salt tolerance (0.92), which is correlated with a higher mean value of potassium sodium ratio (0.77), root shoot ratio (2.14–2.21), proline (124.60 µM g−1 FW), catalase (5.61 EU mg−1 FW min−1) and ascorbate peroxidase (1.21 EU mg−1 FW min−1) activity. Thus, wild sesame maintained ionic and water balance through higher proline accumulation, K+/Na+ ratio, root/shoot ratio, greater membrane stability and enhanced antioxidant capacity under salt stress Thus the study finds a number of component traits imparting tolerance to wild sesame might be utilized for improvement of cultivated sesame to mitigate salt stress through trait introgression.


n              Sesamum prostratumn            , Potassium sodium ratio, Antioxidants capacity, Biplot


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Acknowledgements


The authors are sincerely thankful to S. D. Agricultural University for financial and infrastructure support for the research work.


Author Information


Raiyani Mayank R.
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, C. P. College of Agriculture, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha, India

Singh Anuj Kumar
Bio Science Research Centre, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha, India
anujkumarsinghbhu1@gmail.com

Tiwari Kapil Kumar
Bio Science Research Centre, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha, India


Bhadauria Hitendra S.
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, C. P. College of Agriculture, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha, India


Solanki S. D.
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, C. P. College of Agriculture, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha, India

Singh Sushmita
Division of Basic Science, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, India