Vegetos
(An International Journal of Plant Research & Biotechnology)
The therapeutic potential of Vitex negundo: a phytochemical exploration
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Review Articles | Published: 20 January, 2025
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Keywords: n Vitex negundon , Phytochemical, Pharmacological properties, Inflammation, Apoptosis
Abstract
A prodigious number of the world’s leading pharmaceutical companies, research and development organisations, and scientists are increasingly embracing traditional treatments. Herbal therapies are becoming more popular as the field of phytomedicine gains attraction due to their ability to restore the body’s natural equilibrium rather than simply treating ailments. Secondary metabolites produced from plants, according to extensive scientific publications, have substantial potential as pharmacological agents capable of treating a variety of illnesses. Vitex negundo is one such plant which has gained a lot of importance in indigenous medicine over the years. Vitexin, a flavonoid found in Vitex inhibits leukocyte migration and release of primary chemicals involved in inflammation. According to some studies, in vitro testing on RAW 264.7 cells with vitexin decreased the release of TNF- α, IL-1, and NO in the peritoneal cavity of mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide. A pure component of Vitexin, (3R,4S)-6-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxytetralin-2-carbaldehyde activates caspases, break the protein PARP initiate DNA fragmentation, resulting in apoptosis. The leaf extracts can also serve as antihistamines, membrane stabilisers, and antioxidants by inhibiting NF- κB and iNOS-mediated inflammation. Vitex negundo leaf extracts regulate the signalling cascades AMPK/Akt/PI3K/NF-κB/p38 along with TGF-β/Bax/Bcl2 and Smad/Caspase/LC3A/B. It reduces the expression of NO, TNF-α, and IL-1 which are well-known inflammatory mediators, and also simultaneously reduces the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio. This review focuses on the phytochemical constituents and therapeutic potential of V. negundo along with the lessons learned from the traditional predecessors in the treatment of various infirmities like cancer, diabetes, and asthma.
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Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India