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Fabiyi Oluwatoyin Adenike, Adebisi Olusoji Olusegun, Falore Sunday Olubusuyi, Claudius-Cole Abiodun Olufunmilayo
Keywords:
Bacteria, n Heterorhabdidtis sp., Paraquat, Imidacloprid, Pollution, EPN, Toxicity
The inherent dangers of pesticide pollution due to non-judicious use by farmers in sub-Saharan Africa is a cause for concern in soil biodiversity conservation. To this effect, this study investigated the consequence of common pesticides used in Nigeria on the survival and population of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) under laboratory conditions. The selected pesticides were insecticides (dichlorvos, imidacloprid and carbofuran (also a nematicide) and herbicides (atrazine, glyphosate and paraquat). Nine PGPB and a local isolate of EPN were evaluated. The effect of the selected insecticides and herbicides on EPN and PGPB was dependent on exposure time, pesticide type and their concentration. Percentage mortality of infective juveniles (Ijs) of EPN was significantly higher with exposure to the pesticides (p < 0.05) at 24 h of exposure in comparison with control. Mortality of EPN Ijs was above 85% in paraquat, atrazine, carbofuran, glyphosate and dichlorvos after 72 h of exposure to x2 dosage, while 70% was recorded in imidacloprid. Poor colony formation was noted among all PGPB isolates regardless of exposure time. The highest colony units/ml (130.33 units/ml) was recorded in carbofuran. Colony formation was significantly (p < 0.05) low in media tainted with dichlorvos (11.33 units/ml), while 257.33 units/ml was recorded in the non-treated plates. The effect of pesticides on PGPB was a factor of species and type of pesticide. Psedomonas plecoglossicida was the least affected after 72 h of exposure (124.9 colony units/ml) whereas Leclercia adecarboxylata was the most adversely affected (67.3 colony units/ml). Reduction in colony formation is a hindrance to the traditional soil conditioning role of PGPB, the undesirable effect of pesticides on EPN populations is equally a limiting factor in EPN-insecticide combination control methods. Environmental and health risks associated with pesticide use should be considered before embarking on pesticide application. The existing approach in agriculture, where pesticide use is primary should be discouraged to forestall huge ecological damage.
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