Nutritional potential and phytochemical screening of traditional buckwheat and barley crops of the Trans-Himalaya region

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Doi: 10.1007/s42535-023-00645-x
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Keywords: Buckwheat, Barley, Nutritional profile, Phytochemicals


Abstract


Over the last few decades, buckwheat (Fagopyrum sp.) and barley (Hordeum sp.) have attracted attention of food scientists because of their high nutritional value and increased demand. In trans-Himalaya region, where they are major grain crops, limited information on their cultivation and uses has been documented. The study aimed to determine the nutritional and phytochemical composition of Fagopyrum tataricum, F. esculentum, Hordeum vulgare and H. himalayens cultivated in the trans-Himalaya region along with a self-sustaining wild population of Fagopyrum sp. wild variety, commonly observed from this less traversed region of India. Results indicated significant variation in the nutritional values including total carbohydrates, starch, and protein contents among these crops. Each species had a unique profile that can be accounted for its proper nutritional and economic use. Mineral composition varied among the Fagopyrum species with most significant difference found for the content of calcium, iron and sodium. Quantification of phenols, flavonoids, and total polyphenols showed variation among the varieties of the same crop species. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry indicated 26, 33, and 15 compounds present in grains of F. tataricum, F. esculentum, and F. sp. wild variety, respectively. H. vulgare and H. himalayens had 26 and 32 compounds, respectively. All these compounds belong to diverse functional groups. Heat maps also illustrated the variable concentration of these compound classes in the grains. Our results indicated that these landraces are rich in nutrients, antioxidants and other phytochemicals, highlighting their great potential as nutraceutical foods. Among the crops considered in our study, the species, F. tataricum and H. himalayens hold great potential for cultivation as nutrient rich crops that can be grown in cold deserts of the Himalayan belt. These crops are adapted to low temperatures and can grow well at high altitudes and various kinds of environmental stress conditions. The study encourages the use of these functional foods as an excellent supplement or replacement for better health choices.


Buckwheat, Barley, Nutritional profile, Phytochemicals


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Acknowledgements


Tenzen Notup (TN) is thankful to Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, India for financial support through JRF and SRF schemes for research fellowships (CSIR, Ref. No: 09/045(1540)2017-EMR-I). Authors are grateful to Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility (AIRF), Jawaharlal Nehru University for extending the use of the GC-MS for analysis and financial assistance from University of Delhi, Institution of Eminence grant for faculty research support.


Author Information


Notup Tenzen
Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
tenzenbotany@gmail.com
Vikram Krati
Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India


Chaudhary Hina
Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India


Rao K. S.
Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India