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Pallvi, Kaur Gazalpreet, Rubal Kumari, Srivastava Devendra Kumar, Singh Pradeep Kumar, Ahluwalia Amrik Singh
Keywords:
Lamiaceae, n Salvian , n Meriandran , Gynodioecious, Morpho-histology
Salvia strobilifera is endemic to the Indian Western Himalaya. This taxon is well-cited in Indian literature under its synonymous name Meriandra strobilifera, and has garnered attention due to its well-documented ethno-medicinal properties. However, our understanding of the species is limited when it comes to its floral biology and histological details. Presently, the taxon is studied morpho-histologically. The gynodioecious nature is morphologically confirmed in the species, while functionally, it exhibits a dioecious condition. Within the gynodioecious populations of the taxon, two plant morphs, namely, an andromonoecious (α) and carpellate (β) morph have been studied for species-specific as well as distinct characteristics. The inflorescence belonging to ‘α’ morphs are present with three types of flowers, i.e., Flw1, Flw2, and Flw3. All flowers possess two epipetalous fertile stamens with weakly exserted bithecate anthers and produce viable pollen. The Flw1 flowers lack gynoecium while the Flw2 and Flw3 flowers are monoclinous and with gynoecium (though, without developing seeds in Flw1, Flw2 and Flw3 flowers). Anthers are immobile with short filaments, reduced and puffy connective; two equal thecae are curved, and slightly elongated. The flowers belonging to the inflorescence of ‘β’ morph plants are present with only pistillate (or carpellate) conditions; four lobed ovary with basal nectaries are present, stigmas are bifid, but only one of the bifid part is functional, and it is associated with the stigmatic disc. All the flowers of ‘β’ morph plants are seed-producing. The taxon is cytologically recorded with n = 9 gametic chromosome number in their pollen mother cells (PMCs) of ‘α’ morph plants. The present morpho-histological study indicates new additions to the existing taxonomic characters of the plant species S. strobilifera within the subtribe Salviinae of the family Lamiaceae.
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The authors are thankful to Head - Department of Botany, Eternal University, Baru Sahib (Himachal Pradesh) for providing the necessary laboratory facilities. Thanks, are also to Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Dehradun for providing access to the Herbarium and taxonomic assistance in the identification of the taxon.