Maize–wheat and soybean–wheat cropping impacts on basic soil properties and N mineralization in four Entisols of different antecedent C levels

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Doi: 10.1007/s42535-023-00714-1
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Keywords: Soil properties, Mineralizable N, Nitrification potential, Antecedent soil carbon, Wheat


Abstract


Impact of cropping systems on soil properties and nitrogen (N) pools in relation to antecedent organic carbon (C) level has been rarely addressed. This study investigated the impact of maize–wheat and soybean–wheat sequences on (i) basic soil properties and (ii) N dynamics, in reference to continuous fallow set in four soils of same type (Entisol) and texture (sandy loam) but different antecedent C levels. After 3 years, cropping increased soil pH (by 0.2 units) in low C soil, but decreased it (by 0.28–0.30 units) in high C soil. Available phosphorus declined (by 6.4–20%) in cropped soils compared to fallow only in soils with intermediate C level, but decline (by 12–61%) in available potassium occurred in all soils depending upon existing soil organic C status. Maize–wheat lowered total N by 23 and 15% in low and intermediate C soils; however, soybean–wheat improved the total N by 11% in soil with high C level. Soils under two cropping systems revealed contrasting N mineralization kinetics; in soils with intermediate to high C levels the maize–wheat exhibited higher (8.5–9.8%) and the soybean–wheat showed lower (8.1%) N mineralization compared to fallow. The effect of cropping systems on nitrification potential depended on soil C status. In low C soil, the nitrification potential under maize–wheat was higher (19%) than fallow. In soil with intermediate C level, the nitrification potential under soybean–wheat was lower (8–14%) than fallow. Therefore, maize–wheat and soybean–wheat systems may do either improvement or deterioration of basic soil properties and N mineralization in soil depending on its antecedent C level. Hence, antecedent soil C must be considered before adopting maize–wheat and/or soybean–wheat rotations in Entisols of northwestern India if to improve basic properties of soils.


Soil properties, Mineralizable N, Nitrification potential, Antecedent soil carbon, Wheat


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Acknowledgements


This research was supported by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) National Professor project.


Author Information


Ghosh Samrat
Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
samrat-soil@pau.edu