Cyperus esculentus (tiger nut): its application in agriculture, food, health and nutrition. A review

*Article not assigned to an issue yet


Review Articles | Published:

Print ISSN : 0970-4078.
Online ISSN : 2229-4473.
Website:www.vegetosindia.org
Pub Email: contact@vegetosindia.org
Doi: 10.1007/s42535-023-00672-8
First Page: 0
Last Page: 0
Views: 1062


Keywords: Antioxidants, n Cyperus esculentusn , Phytochemicals, Physicochemical, Nutrition


Abstract


The tuber of the Cyperus esculentus plant, more often known as tiger nut, is an excellent source of lipids, protein, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, minerals and phytochemical constituents. According to current research, tiger nuts are high in tocopherols, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, and phytosterols. Because of their excellent physicochemical and nutritional properties, tiger nuts can be used for a variety of purposes. The polyphenol concentration of these by-products, their usage may be expanded to include anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, in vitro inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and other therapeutic properties. Furthermore, the material gathered explains and illustrates prospective applications for this plant (tiger nut) in the food industry, medicinal sector, agricultural production, and biofuel generation. As a result, this review explains the bioactive chemicals found in Cyperus esculentus (tiger nut) and how they work in health and other industries due to their diverse biological impacts.


Antioxidants, n              Cyperus esculentusn            , Phytochemicals, Physicochemical, Nutrition


*Get Access

(*Only SPR Members can get full access. Click Here to Apply and get access)

Advertisement

References


Abubakar A, Haque M (2020) Preparation of medicinal plants: basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purposes. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 12(1):1. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_175_19


Adebo OA, Gabriela MI (2020) Impact of fermentation on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of whole cereal grains: a mini review. Molecules 25(4):927. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040927


Adenowo AF, Kazeem MI (2020) Tiger Nut as a functional food, pharmacological and industrial agent: a mini review. Ann Sci Technol 5(1):31–38. https://doi.org/10.2478/ast-2020-0004


Adesakin FO, Obiekezie SO (2020) Bacteriological and nutritional assessment of tiger nut milk (kunun-aya) consumed by students of Nasarawa State University, Keffi Nigeria. World J Adv Res Rev 6(3):59–68. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.6.3.0097


Ahaotu NN, Agunwah IM, Echeta CK, Awuchi CG (2020) Antinutritional and phytochemical composition of fermented condiment (Ogiri) made from Sandbox (Hura crepitan) seed antinutritional and phytochemical composition of (Hura crepitan) seed. Eur Acad Res 8(4):1871–1883


Alhazmi HA, Najmi A, Javed SA, Sultana S, Al Bratty M, Makeen HA, Khalid A (2021) Medicinal plants and isolated molecules demonstrating immunomodulation activity as potential alternative therapies for viral diseases including COVID-19. Front Immunol 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.637553


Anand SS, Hawkes C, de Souza RJ, Mente A, Dehghan M, Nugent R, Popkin BM (2015) Food consumption and its impact on cardiovascular disease: importance of solutions focused on the globalized food system. J Am Coll Cardiol 66(14):1590–1614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.050


Asare PA, Kpankpari R, Adu MO, Afutu E, Adewumi AS (2020) Phenotypic characterization of tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.) from major growing areas in Ghana. Sci World J 2020:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7232591


Awolu OO, Omoba OS, Olawoye O, Dairo M (2017) Optimization of production and quality evaluation of maize-based snack supplemented with soybean and tiger-nut (Cyperus esculentus) flour. Food Sci Nutr 5(1):3–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.359


Bamigboye CO, Amao JA, Fadiora IA, Adegboye JD, Akinola OE, Alarape AA, Adebayo EA (2020) Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of nanosilver-mycomeat composite produced through solid state fermentation of tiger nut waste and cassava pulp by Pleurotus pulmonarius. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 805(1): 012011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/805/1/012011


Bamishaiye E, Bamishaiye O (2011) Tiger nut: as a plant, its derivatives and benefits. Afr J Food Agric Nutr Dev 11(5):5157–5170. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i5.70443


Benavides AB, Ulcuango M, Yépez L, Tenea GN (2016) Assessment of the in vitro bioactive properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from native ecological niches of Ecuador. Rev Argent Microbiol 48(3):236–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2016.05.003


Chander M (2018) Anticancer efficacy of some plant phenolics - a recent scenario. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 7(10):1746–1768. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.710.200


Codina-Torrella I, Guamis B, Trujillo AJ (2015) Characterization and comparison of tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.) from different geographical origin. Physico-chemical characteristics and protein fractionation. Ind Crops Prod 65:406–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.11.007


Das N, Islam ME, Jahan N, Islam MS, Khan A, Islam MR, Parvin MS (2014) Antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts and fractions of Crescentia cujete leaves and stem bark and the involvement of phenolic compounds. BMC Complement Altern Med 14(1):45. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-45


Dawid-Pać R (2013) Medicinal plants used in treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Adv Dermatol Allergol 3:170–177. https://doi.org/10.5114/pdia.2013.35620


Dey P, Kundu A, Kumar A, Gupta M, Lee BM, Bhakta T, Kim HS (2020) Analysis of alkaloids (indole alkaloids, isoquinoline alkaloids, tropane alkaloids). In: Recent advances in natural products analysis. Elsevier, pp 505–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816455-6.00015-9


Djomdi HB, Gibert O, Tran T, Delattre C, Pierre G, Ndjouenkeu R (2020) Innovation in tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) milk production: in situ hydrolysis of starch. Polymers 12(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12061404


Edo GI (2022a) Antibacterial, phytochemical and GC-MS analysis of Thevetia peruviana extracts: an approach in drug formulation. Nat Resour Hum Health 2(4):418–426. https://doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/146543


Edo GI (2022b) Effects of paraquat dichloride on adult male wistar rat. An approach in the toxicity of body weights and hematological tissues. J Anal Pharm Res 11(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.15406/japlr.2022.11.00394


Edo GI, Makinde MG, Nwosu LC, Ozgor E, Akhayere E (2022) Physicochemical and pharmacological properties of palm oil: an approach for quality, safety, and nutrition evaluation of palm oil. Food Anal Methods 15(8):2290–2305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-022-02293-4


Edo GI, Nwosu LC (2022) Association of alcohol use and dietary lifestyle of commercial drivers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Bull Natl Res Centre 46(1):197. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-022-00885-y


Ejoh RA, Djomdi, Ndjouenkeu R (2006) Characteristics of tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) tubers and their performance in the production of a milky drink. J Food Process Preserv 30(2):145–163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.2006.00056.x


El-Anany AM, Ali RFM (2012) Studies on the hypolipidemic effects of coconut oil when blended with tiger nut oil and fed to albino rats. Grasas Aceites 63(3):303–312. https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.011412


Ezeh O, Gordon MH, Niranjan K (2016) Enhancing the recovery of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) oil by mechanical pressing: moisture content, particle size, high pressure and enzymatic pre-treatment effects. Food Chem 194:354–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.151


Fabunmi TO, Adigbo SO, Odedina JN, Akinsanya YI (2016) Effects of tuber size, soaking hours and sprouting media on sprouting of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L. var. Sativa) tubers. Acta Agric Slov 107(2):345. https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2016.107.2.08


Gadanya AM, Abubakar MY, Maigari FU, Mudassir L, Abubakar SM (2021) Comparative analysis of nutrients content and characterization of oil from two varieties of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus). Asian J Res Biochem 8(1):11–21. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2021/v8i130170


Gambo A, Da’u A (2014) Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus): composition, products, uses and health benefits - a review. Bayero J Pure Appl Sci 7(1):56. https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v7i1.11


Hassan F, Edo GI, Nwosu LC, Jalloh AA, Onyibe PN, Itoje-akpokiniovo LO, Irogbo PU (2021) An inventory of medicinal plants used as sedative, analgesic and blood tonic in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Acta Ecol Sin. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2021.11.003


He M, Wu C, Li L, Zheng L, Tian T, Jiang L, Teng F (2020) Effects of cavitation jet treatment on the structure and emulsification properties of oxidized soy protein isolate. Foods 10(1):2. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10010002


Hudzicki J (2012) Kirby-bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test protocol information. Am Soc Microbiol 8:1–13


Ihedioha TE, Odo RI, Onoja US, Emmanuel C (2019) Effects of methanolic tuber extract of Cyperus esculentus Linn (tiger nuts) on sub-acute liver damage in albino rats. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 13:236–243. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2019.5049


Jing L, Ma H, Fan P, Gao R, Jia Z (2015) Antioxidant potential, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of Rhododendron anthopogonoides and its protective effect on hypoxia-induced injury in PC12 cells. BMC Complement Altern Med 15(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0820-3


Jing S, Ebeydulla R, Zheng huiC, Yao xiang W (2016) Nutritional profiles of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) plant organs during its growth cycle. Afr J Biotechnol 15(22):1050–1057. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2015.14976


Kizzie-Hayford N, Dabie K, Kyei-Asante B, Ampofo-Asiama J, Zahn S, Jaros D, Rohm H (2021) Storage temperature of tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus L) affects enzyme activity, proximate composition and properties of lactic acid fermented tiger nut milk derived thereof. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie 137:110417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110417


Kopustinskiene DM, Jakstas V, Savickas A, Bernatoniene J (2020) Flavonoids as anticancer agents. Nutrients 12(2):457. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020457


Melse-Boonstra A (2020) Bioavailability of micronutrients from nutrient-dense whole foods: zooming in on dairy, vegetables, and fruits. Front Nutr 7:101. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00101


Mohammed T, Babayola M (2019) Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus): a supper Food but Neglected by Researchers. Int J Innovative Food Nutr Sustainable Agric 7(3):1–7


Nwaiwu O, Aduba CC, Igbokwe VC, Sam CE, Ukwuru MU (2020) Traditional and artisanal beverages in Nigeria: microbial diversity and safety issues. Beverages 6(3):53. https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages6030053


Nwosu LC, Edo GI, Özgör E (2022) The phytochemical, proximate, pharmacological, GC-MS analysis of Cyperus esculentus (Tiger nut): a fully validated approach in health, food and nutrition. Food Biosci 46:101551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101551


Ogbuagu EO, Airaodion AI (2020) Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) boosts fertility in male Wistar rats. Asian Res J Gynecol Obstet 3(3):8–18


Okyere AA, Odamtten GT (2014) Physicochemical, functional and sensory attributes of milk prepared from irradiated tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L). J Radiation Res Appl Sci 7(4):583–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2014.09.010


Onuoha N, Ogbusua N, Okorie A, Ejike C (2017) Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) milk’ as a potent nutri-drink’ for the prevention of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in a murine model. J Intercultural Ethnopharmacol 6(3):1. https://doi.org/10.5455/jice.20170603094811


Onyibe PN, Edo GI, Nwosu LC, Ozgor E (2021) Effects of vernonia amygdalina fractionate on glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase on alloxan induced diabetes wistar rat. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 36:102118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102118


Ooi DJ, Iqbal S, Ismail M (2012) Proximate composition, nutritional attributes and mineral composition of Peperomia pellucida L. (ketumpangan air) grown in Malaysia. Molecules 17(9):11139–11145. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules170911139


Ota A, Ulrih NP (2017) An overview of herbal products and secondary metabolites used for management of type two diabetes. Front Pharmacol 6(8):436. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00436


Othman L, Sleiman A, Abdel-Massih RM (2019) Antimicrobial activity of polyphenols and alkaloids in middle eastern plants. Front Microbiol 15(10):911. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00911


Paiva L, Lima E, Neto A, Baptista J (2017) Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ace) inhibitory activity, antioxidant properties, phenolic content and amino acid profiles of Fucus spiralis L. protein hydrolysate fractions. Mar Drugs 15(10):311. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15100311


Pang S, Shao P, Sun Q, Pu C, Tang W (2020) Relationship between the emulsifying properties and formation time of rice bran protein fibrils. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie 122:108985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108985


Roselló-Soto E, Garcia C, Fessard A, Barba F, Munekata P, Lorenzo J, Remize F (2018) Nutritional and microbiological quality of tiger nut tubers (Cyperus esculentus) derived plant-based and lactic fermented beverages. Fermentation 5(1):3. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5010003


Sánchez-Zapata E, Fernández-López J, Angel Pérez-Alvarez J (2012) Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) commercialization: health aspects, composition, properties, and food applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 11(4):366–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2012.00190.x


Saquib SA, AlQahtani NA, Ahmad I, Kader MA, Al Shahrani SS, Asiri EA (2019) Evaluation and comparison of antibacterial efficacy of herbal extracts in combination with antibiotics on periodontal pathobionts: an in vitro microbiological study. Antibiotics 8(3):89. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8030089


Sidohounde A, Pascal C, Dossa A, Nonviho G, Montcho SP, Codjo D, Sohounhloue K (2018) Biodiesel potentials of two phenotypes of Cyperus esculentus unconventional oils. J Petroleum Technol Altern Fuels 9(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPTAF2018.0136


Simpson CA, Geornaras I, Yoon Y, Scanga JA, Kendall PA, Sofos JN, Dalynn Biologicals (2014) McFarl and srandard. J Food Prot 71(3):2


Subramaniam S, Selvaduray KR, Radhakrishnan AK (2019) Bioactive compounds: natural defense against cancer? Biomolecules 9(12):758. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120758


Truong DH, Nguyen DH, Ta NTA, Bui AV, Do TH, Nguyen HC (2019) Evaluation of the use of different solvents for phytochemical constituents, antioxidants, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of Severinia buxifolia. J Food Qual 2019:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8178294


Wagner KH, Derkits S, Herr M, Schuh W, Elmadfa I (2002) Antioxidative potential of melanoidins isolated from a roasted glucose–glycine model. Food Chem 78(3):375–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00200-5


Willis S, Jackson C, Verghese M (2019) Effects of processing on antioxidant capacity and metabolizing enzyme inhibition of tiger nut tubers. Food and Nutrition Sciences 10(09):1132–1141. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2019.109082


Yang X, Niu L, Zhang Y, Ren W, Yang C, Yang J, Zhang J (2022) Morpho-agronomic and biochemical characterization of accessions of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) grown in the north temperate zone of China. Plants 11(7):923. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070923


Zhuang J, Li M, Pu Y, Ragauskas AJ, Yoo CG (2020) Observation of potential contaminants in processed biomass using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Appl Sci (Switzerland) 10(12):1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124345


Zolghadri S, Bahrami A, Hassan Khan MT, Munoz-Munoz J, Garcia-Molina F, Garcia-Canovas F, Saboury AA (2019) A comprehensive review on tyrosinase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 34(1):279–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2018.1545767

 


Acknowledgements


None.


Author Information


Edo Great Iruoghene
Department of Petroleum Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta State University of Science & Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
greatiruo@gmail.com