Competition between alien and native species in xerothermic steno-Mediterranean grasslands: Cenchrus setaceus and Hyparrhenia hirta in Sicily and southern Italy

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Doi: 10.1007/s42535-024-00871-x
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Keywords: Biological invasions, Mediterranean grasslands, n Pennisetum setaceumn , Plant invasions, Species richness


Abstract


Perennial dry grassland communities, vital for plant biodiversity conservation in the Mediterranean, often harbor rare and endangered species. However, these habitats face threats, including the invasion of alien species. Cenchrus setaceus, a highly invasive grass, is spreading in the Mediterranean region. Historical records and observations document its establishment and invasiveness across various Italian regions. This study investigates the impact of C. setaceus on native grasslands dominated by Hyparrhenia hirta. We assessed the impact of C. setaceus invasion on plant biodiversity in Sicily and southern Italy, and we identified and characterized plant species’ composition using Ellenberg indicator values. The intention to analyze species richness, diversity, and ecological indicators is also emphasized. Starting from the use of the phytosociological method, multivariate analysis and Ellenberg indicator values to assess the impact of C. setaceus on grasslands composition were considered. There are several similarities and differences in diversity, floristic composition, and ecological traits between the two grassland types. A deep comparison with central European studies and evaluation of the impact of C. setaceus on species richness and community dynamics in Mediterranean habitats were concluded. Although C. setaceus is invading native grasslands, it does not drastically reduce species richness. The ecological implications of the invasion are explored, urging ongoing monitoring and collaborative efforts for effective conservation. The importance of interdisciplinary cooperation is highlighted to address the threat of invasive species and sustain the biodiversity of Mediterranean grasslands.


Biological invasions, Mediterranean grasslands, n                     Pennisetum setaceumn                  , Plant invasions, Species richness


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Acknowledgements


Carmelo Maria Musarella would like to thank Valentina Lucia Astrid Laface and Giuseppe Caruso for their assistance in the field work.


Author Information


Musarella Carmelo Maria
AGRARIA Department, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
carmelo.musarella@unirc.it
Sciandrello Saverio
Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
s.sciandrello@unict.it

Domina Gianniantonio
Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

gianniantonio.domina@unipa.it