*Article not assigned to an issue yet
Villalobos-Olivera Ariel, Campbell Roberto, Martínez-Montero Marcos Edel, Gómez Daviel, Acosta Yanier, Zevallos-Bravo Byron E., Hajari Elliosha, Lorenzo José Carlos, Campbell Roberto, Martínez-Montero Marcos Edel
Keywords:
n Cicer arietinum L., Field performance, Seed heteromorphism, Seed size
Cicer arietinum L. is a major food legume across the globe. However, the yield of legume crops appears to have reached a plateau in developing countries where yield is often impacted by poor crop establishment. Therefore, seed physiological characteristics (specific to the cultivars/landraces adapted to various regions of the world) and their impacts on plantlet establishment and performance should be investigated. This study determined the effect of seed size on germination, plant development and agronomic performance in Cuba. Biochemical parameters were also evaluated up to 21 d of growth. The results showed that seeds with largest mass (89 ± 3 mg, group 3) showed more rapid germination, emergence and plant growth than other tested mass categories. This trend was sustained until plant maturity, where group 3 seeds generated highest yield. Differences were also noted in the antioxidant profiles among developing plants with highest levels of SOD and PER found in plants generated from seeds with smallest mass (55 ± 3 mg per seed, group 1). Above findings raise the question as to whether seeds of chickpea display heteromorphic behavior, however, further studies are required.
(*Only SPR Life Members can get full access.)
Acharya SN, Thomas JE, Basu SK (2006) Fenugreek: an “old world” crop for the “new world.” Biodiversity 7:27–30
Acosta Y, Pérez L, Escalante D, Pérez A, Martínez-Montero ME, Fontes D, Qadir Ahmed L, Sershen, Lorenzo JC (2020) Heteromorphic seed germination and seedling emergence in the legume Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng (Fabacaeae). Botany DOI: 101139/cjb-2020–0008
Alam M, Haydar F, Hoque A (2020) Effects of planting method on yield and yield attributing characters in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). J Bio-Sci 28:105–110. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v28i0.44716
Baskin CC, Baskin JM (1998) Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination Academic Press, San Diego
Berwal A, Ram C (2018) Superoxide dismutase: a stable biochemical marker for abiotic stress tolerance in higher plants. In: de Olivera A (ed) Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants. IntechOpen, London, pp 99–106
Bhagyawant S, Gautam A, Narvekar D, Gupta N, Bhadkaria A, Srivastava N, Upadhyaya H (2018) Biochemical diversity evaluation in chickpea accessions employing mini-core collection. Plysiol Mol Biol Plants 24:1165–1183
Bhatt A, Santo A (2016) Germination and recovery of heteromorphic seeds of Atriplex canescens (Amaranthaceae) under increasing salinity. Plant Ecol 217:1069–1079
Bhatt A, Santo A, Gallacher D (2016) Seed mucilage effect on water uptake and germination in five species from the hyper-arid Arabian desert. J Arid Environ 128:73–79
Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilising the principle of protein-dye binding. Analyt Biochem 72:248–254. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1976.9999
Chowdhury M, Vandenberg B, Warkentin T (2002) Cultivar identification and genetic relationship among selected breeding lines and cultivars in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Euphytica 127:317–325
Cintra R (1997) Leaf litter effects on seed and seedling predation of the palm Astrocaryum murumuru and the legume tree Dipteryx micrantha in Amazonian forest. J Trop Ecol 13:709–725
Dello Jacovo E, Valentine TA, Maluk M, Toorop P, Lopez del Egido L, Frachon N, Kenicer G, Park L, Goff M, Ferro VA, Bonomi C (2019) Towards a characterisation of the wild legume bitter vetch (Lathyrus linifolius L. (Reichard) Bässler): heteromorphic seed germination, root nodule structure and N-fixing rhizobial symbionts. Plant Biol 21:523–532
Devasirvatham V, Gaur PM, Mallikarjuna N, Tokachichu RN, Trethowan RM, Tan DK (2012) Effect of high temperature on the reproductive development of chickpea genotypes under controlled environments. Funct Plant Biol 39:1009–1018
Duarte-Leal Y, Echevarría-Hernández A, Martínez-Coca B (2016) Identificación y caracterización de aislamientos de Fusarium spp. presentes en garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.) en Cuba. Rev Prot Veg Corpus ID: 90219464 31:173–183
FAO/IPGRI (1994) Genebank Standards Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome
Gaur PM, Samineni S, Thudi M, Tripathi S, Sajja SB, Jayalakshmi V, Mannur DM, Vijayakumar AG, Ganga Rao NV, Ojiewo C (2019) Integrated breeding approaches for improving drought and heat adaptation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Plant Breed 138:389–400
Gianella M, Bradford K, Guzzon F (2021) Ecological (epi)genetic and physiological aspects of bet-hedging in angiosperms. Plant Reprod 34:21–36
Gross NT, Hultenby K, Mengarelli S (2000) Lipid peroxidation by alveolar macrophages challenged with Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans or Aspergillus fumigatus. Med Mycol 38:443–449
Gul B, Ansari R, Flowers TJ, Khan MA (2013) Germination strategies of halophyte seeds under salinity. Environ Exp Bot 92:4–18
Hayes HK, Immer FR, Smith DC (1955) Methods of Plant Breeding McGraw-Hill Publishing Co Ltd, London
Hughes PW (2018) Minimal-risk seed heteromorphism: proportions of seed morphs for optimal risk-averse heteromorphic strategies. Front Plant Sci 9:1412. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01412
Imbert E (2002) Ecological consequences and ontogeny of seed heteromorphism. Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst 5:13–36
ISTA (2005) International Rules for Seed Testing International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland
Janghel D, Kumar K, Sunil R, Chhabra A (2020) Genetic diversity analysis, characterization and evaluation of elite chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 9:199–209. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.901.023
Kaloki P, Trethowan R, Tan DK (2019) Genetic and environmental influences on chickpea water-use efficiency. J Agron Crop Sci 205:470–476. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12338
Kidson R, Westoby M (2000) Seed mass and seedling dimensions in relation to seedling establishment. Oecologia 125:11–17
Kuhn ME (2020) Meet the next generation of plant-based meat. Food Technol 74:24–34
Leverett LD, Jolls CL (2014) Cryptic seed heteromorphism in Packera tomentosa (Asteraceae): differences in mass and germination. Plant Sp Biol 29:169–180
Lorenzo JC, Yabor L, Medina N, Quintana N, Wells V (2015) Coefficient of variation can identify the most important effects of experimental treatments. Not Bot Horti Agrobo Cluj-Nap 43:287–291. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha4319881
Lu J, Tan D, Baskin JM, Baskin CC (2010) Fruit and seed heteromorphism in the cold desert annual ephemeral Diptychocarpus strictus (Brassicaceae) and possible adaptive significance. Ann Bot 105:999–1014
Van der Maessen L (1972) Cicer L., a monograph of the genus, with special reference to the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), its ecology and cultivation Wageningen University and Research
Mandák B, Pyšek P (2005) How does seed heteromorphism influence the life history stages of Atriplex sagittata (Chenopodiaceae)? Flora 200:516–526
Maqbool MA, Aslam M, Ali H (2017) Breeding for improved drought tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Plant Breed 136:300–318
Matías C, Matías Y (1995) Efecto de los soportes en la producción de semillas Teramnus labialis, cv. semilla clara. Past Forr 18:7
McCord J, Fridovich I (1969) Superoxide dismutase: an enzymic function for erythrocuprein. J Inorg Biochem 244:6049–6055
Merga B, Haji J, Yildiz F (2019) Economic importance of chickpea: production, value, and world trade. Cog Food Agric 5:1. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1615718
Moller IM (2001) Plant mitochondria and oxidative stress: electron transport, NADPH turnover, and metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Annual Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 52:561–591
Ochuodho J, Modi A (2013) Association of seed coat colour with germination of three wild mustard species with agronomic potential. Afr J Agric Res 8:4354–4359
Pascual M, Pereda C, Pérez R (1983) Inverse correlation between estrogen receptor content and peroxidase activity in human mammary tumors. Neoplasma 30:611–613
Porra R (2002) The chequered history of the development and use of simultaneous equations for the accurate determination of chlorophylls a and b. Photosynth Res 73:149–156
Rees M (1994) Delayed germination of seeds: A look at the effects of adult longevity, the timing of reproduction, and population age/stage structure. Am Nat 144:43–64
Sakowska K, Alberti G, Genesio L, Peressotti A, Delle Vedove G, Gianelle D, Colombo R, Rodeghiero M, Panigada C, Juszczak R (2018) Leaf and canopy photosynthesis of a chlorophyll deficient soybean mutant. Plant Cell Environ 41:1427–1437
Shagarodsky T, Chiang ML, López Y (2001) Evaluación de cultivares de garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.) en Cuba. Agron Mesoam 12:95–98. https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v12i1.17298
Shibles R, Weber C (1966) Interception of solar radiation and dry matter production by various soybean planting patterns 1. Crop Sci 6:55–59
Singh KB (1997) Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Field Crops Res 53:161–170
Trapp EJ (1988) Dispersal of heteromorphic seeds in Amphicarpaea bracteata (Fabaceae). Am J Bot 75:1535–1539
Varol IS, Kardes YM, Irik HA, Kirnak H, Kaplan M (2020) Supplementary irrigations at different physiological growth stages of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) change grain nutritional composition. Food Chem 303:125402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125402
Venable DL, Brown JS (1988) The selective interactions of dispersal, dormancy, and seed size as adaptations for reducing risk in variable environments. Am Nat 131:360–384
Venable DL, Dyreson E, Pinero D, Becerra JX (1998) Seed morphometrics and adaptive geographic differentiation. Evolution 52:344–354
Xu H, Lu Y, Tong S, Song F (2011) Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment changes in husk leaves of maize in black soils region of Northeast China. Af J Agric Res 6:3098–3102
Yaginuma S, Shiraishi T, Ohya H, Igarashi K (2002) Polyphenol increases in cucumber seedlings exposed to strong visible light limited water. Biosci BIotech Biochem 66:65–72
This research was supported by the Bioplant Centre, University of Ciego de Ávila (Cuba); Universidad de Concepción (Chile); Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí (Ecuador); and Agricultural Research Council (South Africa).