Economic evaluation of agroforestry and non-agroforestry systems in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

, , ,


Research Articles | Published:

Print ISSN : 0970-4078.
Online ISSN : 2229-4473.
Website:www.vegetosindia.org
Pub Email: contact@vegetosindia.org
Doi: 10.1007/s42535-022-00348-9
First Page: 810
Last Page: 815
Views: 958


Keywords: Agroforestry, Benefit cost ratio, Cost of cultivation, Economics, Gross income


Abstract


Agroforestry systems (AFs) deliver precious services and sustain biodiversity through ecological, social, and economic stability. Quantifying the economics of agroforestry and non-agroforestry systems is linked with farmer’s livelihood or forest-dwelling communities. In this context, the present study was conducted to explore various economic parameters, and related profitability between wheat agriculture system and Eucalyptus + wheat-based agroforestry systems in two districts (Prayagraj and Kaushambi) of Eastern UP (Uttar Pradesh), India. The cost of cultivation of crop production, related profitability and some marketing limitations faced by farmers was also recorded. A questionnaire survey method based on a pre-tested interview schedule was used for primary data collections from 160 farms respondents of wheat agriculture system and Eucalyptus + wheat-based AFs in Prayagraj and Kaushambi districts. The selected respondents were categorized into small, medium, and large farms as 52, 71, and 37 in Prayagraj and 45, 84, and 31 in Kaushambi. The cost of cultivation was followed in order: Rs. 42,213.15 ha−1 and 40,178.70 ha−1 (small farms) > Rs. 40,211.16 ha−1 and 37,793.35 ha−1 (medium farms) > Rs. 39,214.50 ha−1 and 36,791.30 ha−1 (large farms) in Prayagraj and Kaushambi, respectively. The B:C (benefit-cost) ratio was also followed in same trends as 1:1.60 and 1:1.65 (small farms) > 1:1.54 and1:1.60 (medium farms) > 1:1.51 and 1:1.58 (large farms) in wheat agriculture system and Eucalyptus + wheat-based AFs. But the value of gross income was reversed and followed the order: Rs. 67,733.50 ha−1 and 66,300.00 ha−1 (large farms) > Rs. 61,917.50 ha−1 and 60,546.00 ha−1 (medium farms) > Rs. 59,329.00 ha−1 and 58,124.00 ha−1 (small farms) in Prayagraj and Kaushambi, respectively. Similarly, the value of overall net income, farm business income, family labour income, and farm investment income were higher under Eucalyptus + wheat-based agroforestry system in Kaushambi than the wheat agriculture system in Prayagraj. Thus, the agroforestry systems seem to be promising practice in terms of economic, livelihood, and eco-environment sustainability point of view.


Agroforestry, Benefit cost ratio, Cost of cultivation, Economics, Gross income


*Get Access

(*Only SPR Members can get full access. Click Here to Apply and get access)

Advertisement

References


Ahirwar RF, Thakur US, Bhatnagar RK (2014) Economics of soybean cultivation and analysis of production constraints in central Narmada valley of Madhya Pradesh. Soybean Res 12(1):97–103


Ahirwar RF, Verma AK, Shekhawat LS (2015) Cost and income structure of wheat cultivation in Vindhyan Plateau of Madhya Pradesh. Econ Aff 60(1):83–88


Chandra N (2006) Economics of wheat production in the farmer’s field in Uttaranchal. Ind Res J Ext Edu 6(3):44–46


GOI (2018) Agricultural Statistics At a Glance. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, New Delhi


Gurjar ML, Varghese KA (2005) Structural changes over time in cost of cultivation of major rabi crops in Rajasthan. Ind J Agri Econ 60(2):249–263


IWMP (2009) Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) in Uttar Pradesh perspective and strategic plan 2009–2027. Department of Land Development and Water Resources, Government of UP, New Delhi, p 311


Jhariya MK, Banerjee A, Meena RS, Yadav DK (2019a) Sustainable agriculture, forest and environmental management. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, p 606. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6830-1 (eISBN:978-981-13-6830-1, Hardcover ISBN: 978-981-13-6829-5)


Jhariya MK, Meena RS, Banerjee A (2021) Ecological intensification of natural resources for sustainable agriculture. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, p 655. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4203-3 (eISBN:978-981-334-203-3, Hardcover ISBN: 978-981-334-206-6)


Jhariya MK, Yadav DK, Banerjee A (2019b) Agroforestry and climate change: issues and challenges. Apple Academic Press Inc., CRC Press, a Tayler and Francis Group, US & Canada, p 335 (ISBN: 978-1-77188-790-8 (Hardcover), 978-0-42957-274-8 (E-book))


Khan N, Jhariya MK, Yadav DK, Banerjee A (2020a) Herbaceous dynamics and CO2 mitigation in an urban setup—a case study from Chhattisgarh, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(3):2881–2897. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07182-8


Khan N, Jhariya MK, Yadav DK, Banerjee A (2020b) Structure, diversity and ecological function of shrub species in an urban setup of Sarguja, Chhattisgarh, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(5):5418–5432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07172-w


Khan N, Jhariya MK, Raj A, Banerjee A, Meena RS (2021a) Soil carbon stock and sequestration: implications for climate change adaptation and mitigation. In: Jhariya MK, Meena RS, Banerjee A (eds) Ecological intensification of natural resources for sustainable agriculture. Springer, Singapore, pp 461–489. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4203-3_13 (eBook ISBN 978-981-334-203-3, Hardcover ISBN: 978-981-334-202-6)


Khan N, Jhariya MK, Raj A, Banerjee A, Meena RS (2021b) Eco-designing for sustainability. In: Jhariya MK, Meena RS, Banerjee A (eds) Ecological intensification of natural resources for sustainable agriculture. Springer, Singapore, pp 565–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4203-3_16 (eBook ISBN 978-981-334-203-3. Hardcover ISBN: 978-981-334-202-6)


Lehmann LM, Smith J, Westaway S, Pisanelli A, Russo G, Borek R, Sandor M, Gliga A, Smith L, Ghaley BB (2020) Productivity and economic evaluation of agroforestry systems for sustainable production of food and non-food products. Sustainability 12(13):5429. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135429


Mandal BS, Mandal N, Kaushik JC, Nandal DPS (2011) Farmers, forestry, profitability leads to crop diversification: agroforestry is one of the indispensable options for land management in future. In: IUFRO symposium on “short rotation forestry: synergies for wood production and environmental amelioration” (Feb. 10–12, 2011), PAU Ludhiana (India)


Prasad R, Jhariya MK, Banerjee A (2021a) Advances in sustainable development and management of environmental and natural resources: economic outlook and opinions volume I. CRC Press, a Taylor and Francis Group, Apple Academic Press Inc., US & Canada, pp 1–437 (Hardcover ISBN: 9781774910344)


Prasad R, Jhariya MK, Banerjee A (2021b) Advances in sustainable development and management of environmental and natural resources: economic outlook and opinions volume II. CRC Press, a Taylor and Francis Group, Apple Academic Press Inc., US & Canada, pp 1–428 (Hardcover ISBN: 9781774910368)


Raj A, Singh L (2017) Effects of girth class, injury and seasons on Ethephon induced gum exudation in Acacia nilotica in Chhattisgarh. Indian J Agrofor 19(1):36–41


Raj A, Jhariya MK, Bargali SS (2016) Bund based agroforestry using Eucalyptus species: a review. Curr Agric Res J 4(2):148–158


Raj A, Jhariya MK, Yadav DK, Banerjee A, Meena RS (2019a) Agroforestry: a holistic approach for agricultural sustainability. In: Jhariya MK et al (eds) Sustainable agriculture, forest and environmental management. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, pp 101–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6830-1_4 (Pte ISBN 978-981-13-6829-5)


Raj A, Jhariya MK, Yadav DK, Banerjee A (2019b) Agroforestry for climate mitigation and livelihood security in India. In: Jhariya MK, Yadav DK, Banerjee A (eds) Agroforestry and climate change: issues and challenges. AAP CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, pp 189–208. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429057274-7 (ISBN 978-177-18-8790-8)


Raj A, Jhariya MK, Khan N (2020a) Agroforestry systems: a boon for developing country. Adv Environ Stud 4(2):368–375


Raj A, Jhariya MK, Yadav DK, Banerjee A (2020b) Climate Change and agroforestry systems: adaptation and mitigation strategies. Apple Academic Press Inc., CRC Press, a Tayler and Francis Group, Boca Raton, p 383


Raj RK (2014) A Study on economics of production, marketing and post harvest management techniques on wheat in Vidisha district of Madhya Pradesh. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis Submitted to the Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior (MP), India


Samriti (2015) Socioeconomic analysis of different agroforestry systems in low hills of Himachal Pradesh. Thesis by Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan, HP, India


Singh SS (2013) Handbook of agricultural sciences. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi


Tinde LK, Sai AK, Parmar K, Hembram D, Pal D, Kushwaha RK (2017) Socio economic characteristics of wheat growers regarding adoption of improved wheat production technology in Kanpur dehat district, Uttar Pradesh (India). Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 6(12):2225–2229


van Noordwijk M, Speelman E, Hofstede GJ, Farida A, Abdurrahim AY, Miccolis A, Hakim AL, Wamucii CN, Lagneaux E, Andreotti F, Kimbowa G (2020) Sustainable agroforestry landscape management: changing the game. Land 9(8):243




 


Acknowledgements



Author Information


Singh Vikram
School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India

Raj Abhishek
Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University, Samastipur, India


Jhariya Manoj Kumar
Department of Farm Forestry, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya, Ambikapur, India

manu9589@gmail.com
Thakur Shivani
School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India